lunes, 23 de mayo de 2016
PALABRAS ENGAÑOSAS EN INGLÉS. (FALSE FRIENDS)

Actual: No significa “actual”, sino “real”.
Advice: No significa “aviso”, sino “consejo”.
Argument: Suele usarse significando “discusión” en vez de “argumento”.
Artifact: No es “artefacto”, sino “defecto” (tecnología).
Carpet: No es “carpeta”, sino “alfombra”.
Character: No es carácter en Psicología, sino en Informática (cada unidad de un mapa de caracteres).
Commercial: No significa “comercial”, sino “anuncio” (como sustantivo).
Contestant: No es “contestatario”, sino “concursante, oponente”.
Deception: No significa “decepción”, sino “engaño”.
Desperado: No significa “desesperado”, sino “bandido”.
Exit: No significa “éxito”, sino “salida”.
Ingenuity: No es “ingenuidad”, sino “ingenio, inventiva, maña”.
Letter: No es “letra”, sino “carta”.
Lily: No significa “lila”, sino “lirio” y “azucena”.
Masonry: Suele significar “albañilería”, no “masonería”.
Notorious: Suele significar “de mala fama”, más que “notorio” o “célebre”.
Physician: No es “físico”, sino “médico”.
Pretend: Suele significar “fingir”, no “pretender”.
Remove: No es “remover”, sino “quitar”.
Resume: No es “resumir”, sino “continuar”.
Retreat: No significa “retratar”, sino “retirarse” o “retroceder”.
Soap: No es “sopa”, sino “jabón”.
Sensible: No es “sensible”, sino más bien “razonable, sensato”.
Sympathetic: No significa “simpático”, sino “compasivo”.
VERBOS IRREGULARES XIX
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| to wed | to weep | to wet | to win | to wind | 
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| to withdraw | to withhold | to withstand | to wring | to write | 
| Present | Past | P. Participle | Traducción | 
|---|---|---|---|
| wed  (uéd)  | 
          wed*  (uéd)  | 
          wed*  (uéd)  | 
          casarse, contraer matrimonio | 
| weep  (uíip)  | 
          wept  (uépt)  | 
          wept  (uépt)  | 
          llorar | 
| wet  (wét)  | 
          wet*  (wét)  | 
          wet*  (wét)  | 
          mojar | 
| win  (wín)  | 
          won  (wán)  | 
          won  (wán)  | 
          ganar | 
| wind  (wáind)  | 
          wound  (wáund)  | 
          wound  (wáund)  | 
          dar cuerda, serpentear, envolver, enrollar | 
| withdraw  (widróo)  | 
          withdrew  (widrú)  | 
          withdrawn  (widróon)  | 
          retirar, sacar | 
| withhold  (widjóuld)  | 
          withheld  (widjéld)  | 
          withheld  (widjéld)  | 
          retener, ocultar, no revelar | 
| withstand  (widstáand)  | 
          withstood  (widstúud)  | 
          withstood  (widstúud)  | 
          resistir, aguantar, oponerse | 
| wring  (ring)  | 
          wrung  (rang)  | 
          wrung  (rang)  | 
          torcer, retorcer, estrujar, escurrir | 
| write  (ráit)  | 
          wrote  (róut)  | 
          written  (ríten)  | 
          escribir | 
      ![]()  | 
     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | wed* (uéd) | |
| Past Participle: | wed* (uéd) | |
| Translation: | casarse, contraer matrimonio | |
| By the end of spring, the royal couple will have wedded. Hacia el final de la primavera, la pareja real se habrá casado.  | 
    ||
| That actor wedded a famous top model. Aquel actor se casó con una famosa modelo top.  | 
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| Ralph and Elizabeth were wedded in a cathedral. Ralph y Elizabeth se casaron en una catedral.  | 
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      ![]()  | 
     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | wept (uépt) | |
| Past Participle: | wept (uépt) | |
| Translation: | llorar | |
| The film was so sad that made us weep. La película fue tan triste que nos hizo llorar.  | 
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| My daughter fell down and wept for hours. Mi hija se cayó y lloró durante horas.  | 
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| Everybody wept at the funeral. Todo el mundo lloró en el funeral.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | wet* (wet) | |
| Past Participle: | wet* (wet) | |
| Translation: | mojar | |
| The hairdresser wetted the comb slightly to arrange her hair. La peluquera mojó el peine ligeramente para arreglar su pelo.  | 
    ||
| My son had a high fever so I wet his forehead. Mi hijo tenía fiebre alta entonces le mojé la frente.  | 
    ||
| The player will wet his head before running into the soccer field. El jugador mojará su cabeza antes de entrar corriendo en el campo de fútbol.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | won (wán) | |
| Past Participle: | won (wán) | |
| Translation: | ganar | |
| Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936. Eugene O'Neill ganó el Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1936.  | 
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| Do you think our team will win the World Cup? ¿Piensas que nuestro equipo ganará la Copa Mundial?  | 
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| Tony won the lottery and became rich. Tony ganó la lotería y se hizo rico.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | wound (wáund) | |
| Past Participle: | wound (wáund) | |
| Translation: | dar cuerda, serpentear, envolver, enrollar | |
| My grandfather winds his watch every day. Mi abuelo da cuerda a su reloj todos los días.  | 
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| The river wound its way between the hills. El río serpentea su camino entre las colinas.  | 
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| I have wound a bandage around my injured arm. He envuelto una venda alrededor de mi brazo herido.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | withdrew (widrú) | |
| Past Participle: | withdrawn (widróon) | |
| Translation: | retirar, sacar | |
| Richard withdrew $200 from the ATM. Richard retiró 200 dólares del cajero automático.  | 
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| The general ordered his troops to withdraw from the battlefield. El general ordenó que sus tropas se retiraran del campo de batalla.  | 
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| The participant who cheated was withdrawn from the contest. El participante que hizo trampas fue retirado de la competición.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | withheld (widjéld) | |
| Past Participle: | withheld (widjéld) | |
| Translation: | retener, ocultar, no revelar | |
| She couldn't continue her trip because her passport had been withheld. Ella no pudo continuar su viaje porque su pasaporte había sido retenido.  | 
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| The witness withheld crucial information from the police. El testigo ocultó a la policía una información crucial.  | 
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| I will withhold your fees until the work is finished. Retendré sus honorarios hasta que el se termine el trabajo.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | withstood (widstúud) | |
| Past Participle: | withstood (widstúud) | |
| Translation: | resistir, aguantar, oponerse | |
| These pillars will withstand the heavy roof. Estos pilares aguantarán el pesado techo.  | 
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| She withstood the temptation to go to the party. Ella resistió a la tentación de ir a la fiesta.  | 
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| This paint withstands high temperatures. Esta pintura resiste altas temperaturas.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | wrung (rang) | |
| Past Participle: | wrung (rang) | |
| Translation: | torcer, retorcer, estrujar, escurrir | |
| The maid washed the shirt and wrung it carefully. La criada lavó la camisa y la torció con cuidado.  | 
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| You looked so mad that I thought you were going to wring his neck. Parecías tan enojado que pensé que le ibas a torcer el cuello.  | 
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| The man was wringing his hands while plotting his revenge. El hombre estaba estrujando sus manos mientras tramaba su venganza.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | wrote (róut) | |
| Past Participle: | written (ríten) | |
| Translation: | escribir | |
| William Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets. Guillermo Shakespeare escribió obras teatrales y sonetos.  | 
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| My sister hasn't written a letter to granny in ages. Mi hermana no ha escrito una carta a la abuelita en años.  | 
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| Children usually learn to read and write at the age of six. Los niños por lo general aprenden a leer y escribir a la edad de seis años.  | ||
VERBOS IRREGULARES XVIII
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| to throw | to thrust | to tread | to undergo | understand | 
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| to undertake | to upset | to wake | to wear | to weave | 
| Present | Past | P. Participle | Traducción | 
|---|---|---|---|
| throw  (zróu)  | 
 threw  (zrú)  | 
 thrown  (zróun)  | 
 tirar, arrojar | 
| thrust  (zrast)  | 
 thrust  (zrast)  | 
 thrust  (zrast)  | 
 empujar con fuerza, clavar | 
| tread  (tred)  | 
 trod  (trod)  | 
 trodden  (tróden)  | 
 pisar, andar | 
| undergo  (andergóu)  | 
 underwent  (anderwént)  | 
 undergone  (anderwént)  | 
 sufrir, ser sometido a, recibir | 
| understand  (anderstáand)  | 
 understood  (anderstúud)  | 
 understood  (anderstúud)  | 
 entender | 
| undertake  (andertéik)  | 
 undertook  (andertúuk)  | 
 undertaken  (andertéiken)  | 
 emprender, acometer | 
| upset  (apsét)  | 
 upset  (apsét)  | 
 upset  (apsét)  | 
 enfadar, trastornar | 
| wake  (uéik)  | 
 woke  (uóuk)  | 
 woken  (uóuken)  | 
 despertar | 
| wear  (uéer)  | 
 wore  (uóor)  | 
 worn  (uórn)  | 
 usar, vestir, gastar | 
| weave  (uíiv)  | 
 wove  (uóuv)  | 
 woven  (uóuven)  | 
 tejer | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | threw (zrú) | |
| Past Participle: | thrown (zróun) | |
| Translation: | tirar, arrojar | |
| Simon, throw me the ball and I'll catch it. Simon, lánzame la pelota y la agarraré.  | 
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| The tourists threw litter on the park. Los turistas tiraron basura en el parque.  | 
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| Freddy was in hospital because a hooligan had thrown a stone at him. Freddy estaba en el hospital porque un gamberro le había lanzado una piedra.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | thrust (zrast) | |
| Past Participle: | thrust (zrast) | |
| Translation: | empujar con fuerza, clavar | |
| The mailman thrust a packet into my arms and left. El cartero me empujó un paquete en mis brazos y se marchó.  | 
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| The soldier thrust a knife into his enemy. El soldado le clavó un cuchillo a su enemigo.  | 
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| A classmate thrust a book at me. Un compañero de clase me empujó un libro.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | trod (trod) | |
| Past Participle: | trodden (tróden) | |
| Translation: | pisar, andar | |
| You trod on my foot! ¡Usted pisó mi pie!  | 
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| Many people had trodden this path before. Muchas personas habían andado por este camino antes.  | 
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| The fishermen were treading carefully on the coral reef. Los pescadores estaban andando con cuidado por el arrecife de coral.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | underwent (anderwént) | |
| Past Participle: | undergone (anderwént) | |
| Translation: | sufrir, ser sometido a, recibir | |
| Jim is undergoing psychotherapy. Jim está siendo sometido a psicoterapia.  | 
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| That old historical building has undergone several repairs. Ese viejo edificio histórico ha sido sometido a varias reparaciones.  | 
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| The patient underwent some tests before the surgery. El paciente se sometió a algunas pruebas antes de la cirugía.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | understood (anderstúud) | |
| Past Participle: | understood (anderstúud) | |
| Translation: | entender | |
| I read the instructions but couldn't understand them. Yo leí las instrucciones, pero no pude entenderlas.  | 
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| Little children can't understand abstract nouns. Los niños pequeños no pueden entender los sustantivos abstractos.  | 
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| His girlfriend understood what he was trying to say. Su novia entendió lo que él trataba de decir.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | undertook (andertúuk) | |
| Past Participle: | undertaken (andertéiken) | |
| Translation: | emprender, acometer | |
| The police have undertaken full investigation into the murder. La policía ha emprendido una completa investigación sobre el asesinato.  | 
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| Our boss undertook a very ambitious project. Nuestro jefe emprendió un proyecto muy ambicioso.  | 
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| Will you undertake this task while I am away on a trip? ¿Emprenderás esta tarea mientras yo esté lejos en un viaje?  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | upset (apsét) | |
| Past Participle: | upset (apsét) | |
| Translation: | enfadar, trastornar | |
| Vivian got there two hours late and upset all our plans. Vivian llegó allí dos horas tarde y trastornó todos nuestros planes.  | 
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| Eating fried food upsets my stomach. Comer alimento frito trastorna mi estómago.  | 
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| The government's decision to freeze wages will upset many people. La decisión del gobierno de congelar salarios enfadará a muchas personas.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | woke (uóuk) | |
| Past Participle: | woken (uóuken) | |
| Translation: | despertar | |
| What time does she wake up in the morning? ¿A qué hora se despierta ella por la mañana?  | 
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| I woke up late and missed the flight. Me desperté tarde y perdí el vuelo.  | 
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| We were woken up by a loud noise. Fuimos despertados por un ruido fuerte.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | wore (uóor) | |
| Past Participle: | worn (uórn) | |
| Translation: | usar, vestir, gastar | |
| Mr. Sim wore a suit and tie for work. El Sr. Sim llevaba puesto un traje y corbata para el trabajo.  | 
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| The rocks have been worn smooth by the tide. Las rocas han sido erosionas por la marea.  | 
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| The rug is starting to wear. La alfombra está empezando a gastarse.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | wove (uóuv) | |
| Past Participle: | woven (uóuven) | |
| Translation: | tejer | |
| This tapestry has been woven by a famous artist. Esta tapicería ha sido tejida por un artista famoso.  | 
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| My sister-in-law weaves shawls with a loom. Mi cuñada teje mantones con un telar.  | 
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| The Hawaiian girl wove flowers into a garland. La muchacha Hawaiana tejió flores formando una guirnalda.  | ||
VERBOS IRREGULARES XVII
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| to sweep | to swell | to swim | to swing | to take | 
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| to teach | to tear | to tell | to think | to thrive | 
| Present | Past | P. Participle | Traducción | 
|---|---|---|---|
| sweep  (suíip)  | 
 swept*  (suépt)  | 
 swept*  (suépt)  | 
 barrer, azotar | 
| swell  (suél)  | 
 swelled  (suéld)  | 
 swollen  (suólen)  | 
 hincharse, crecer, aumentar | 
| swim  (suím)  | 
 swam  (suáam)  | 
 swum  (suám)  | 
 nadar | 
| swing  (suíng)  | 
 swung  (suáng)  | 
 swung  (suáng)  | 
 balancear, mecer, colgar | 
| take  (téik)  | 
 took  (túuk)  | 
 taken  (téiken)  | 
 tomar, llevar | 
| teach  (tíich)  | 
 taught  (tot)  | 
 taught  (tot)  | 
 enseñar | 
| tear  (téar)  | 
 tore  (tóor)  | 
 torn  (tóorn)  | 
 desgarrar, romper, arrancar | 
| tell  (tel)  | 
 told  (tóuld)  | 
 told  (tóuld)  | 
 decir, contar | 
| think  (zink)  | 
 thought  (zot)  | 
 thought  (zot)  | 
 pensar | 
| thrive  (zráiv)  | 
 throve*  (zróuv)  | 
 thriven*  (zríven)  | 
 prosperar, crecer mucho, desarrollarse | 
      ![]()  | 
     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | swept* (suépt) | |
| Past Participle: | swept* (suépt) | |
| Translation: | barrer, azotar | |
| The sweeper hasn't swept our street yet. El barrendero no ha barrido nuestra calle aún.  | 
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| In fall, I have to sweep the dead leaves every day. En el otoño, tengo que barrer las hojas muertas todos los días.  | 
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| Strong winds sweep the cliffs of Dover. Vientos fuertes azotan los acantilados de Dover.  | 
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      ![]()  | 
     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | swelled (suéld) | |
| Past Participle: | swollen (suólen) | |
| Translation: | hincharse, crecer, aumentar | |
| The saleslady was standing the whole day so her feet got swollen. La vendedora estuvo de pie el día entero entonces sus pies se hincharon.  | 
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| The curtains swelled in the breeze. Las cortinas se hincharon en la brisa.  | 
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| His leg swelled where the scorpion had stung him. Su pierna se hinchó donde el escorpión lo había picado.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | swam (suáam) | |
| Past Participle: | swum (suám) | |
| Translation: | nadar | |
| Two swans were swimming in the lake. Dos cisnes estaban nadando en el lago.  | 
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| Betsy won't get into the water because she can't swim. Betsy no quiere entrar en el agua porque ella no sabe nadar.  | 
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| The sailor jumped from the boat and swam to the shore. El marinero saltó del barco y nadó a la orilla.  | 
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      ![]()  | 
     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | swung (suáng) | |
| Past Participle: | swung (suáng) | |
| Translation: | balancear, mecer, colgar | |
| The girl sat on a stool swinging her legs. La muchacha se sentó en un taburete balanceando sus piernas.  | 
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| The tennis player swung the racket to hit the ball. El jugador de tenis balanceó la raqueta para golpear la pelota.  | 
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| The door swung open and the cowboy walked into the saloon. La puerta abrió de golpe y el vaquero entró en el bar.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | took (túuk) | |
| Past Participle: | taken (téiken) | |
| Translation: | tomar, llevar | |
| The child was taken to see his mother in hospital. El niño fue llevado a ver a su madre en el hospital.  | 
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| Take this dessert over to your grandmother's. Lleva este postre a la casa de tu abuela.  | 
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| Sarah was playing with a sharp knife so I took it away from her. Sarah estaba jugando con un cuchillo filoso, entonces se lo saqué.  | 
    ||
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | taught (tot) | |
| Past Participle: | taught (tot) | |
| Translation: | enseñar | |
| Mrs. Collins teaches biology at my school. La Sra. Collins enseña la biología en mi escuela.  | 
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| His father taught Daniel how to swim. Su padre le enseñó a nadar a Daniel.  | 
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| She has taught English for many years. Ella ha enseñado inglés durante muchos años.  | 
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      ![]()  | 
     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | tore (tóor) | |
| Past Participle: | torn (tóorn) | |
| Translation: | desgarrar, romper, arrancar | |
| I accidentally tore the fabric of my pants. Accidentalmente rasgué la tela de mis pantalones.  | 
    ||
| After reading a letter, Henry usually tears it into pieces. Después de leer una carta, Henry por lo general la rompe en pedazos.  | 
    ||
| The student has just torn a sheet of paper from his notebook. El estudiante acaba de rasgar una hoja de papel de su cuaderno.  | 
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     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | told (tóuld) | |
| Past Participle: | told (tóuld) | |
| Translation: | decir, contar | |
| The kindergarten teacher told the kids a beautiful story. La profesorade jardín de infantes les contó a los niños una historia hermosa.  | 
    ||
| Have I told you that Harold is getting married? ¿Te he dicho que Harold se casa?  | 
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| People don't believe him for he's always telling lies. La gente no le cree porque siempre está contando mentiras.  | 
    ||
      ![]()  | 
     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | thought (zot) | |
| Past Participle: | thought (zot) | |
| Translation: | pensar | |
| What do you think of this book?  Do you like it? ¿Qué piensas de este libro? ¿Te gusta?  | 
    ||
| I can't make a decision now. Let me think about it. No puedo tomar una decisión ahora. Déjeme pensar en ello.  | 
    ||
| She thought for a moment but couldn't solve the problem. Ella pensó por un momento, pero no pudo solucionar el problema.  | 
    ||
      ![]()  | 
     Present: | |
|---|---|---|
| Past: | throve* (zróuv) | |
| Past Participle: | thriven* (zríven) | |
| Translation: | prosperar, crecer mucho, desarrollarse | |
| New restaurants thrive in this trendy neighborhood. Los nuevos restaurantes prosperan en esta moderna vecindad.  | 
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| Few animals have ever thriven in captivity. Pocos animales se han desarrollado alguna vez en cautiverio.  | 
    ||
| His company throve and became the biggest in the country. Su compañía prosperó y se convirtió en la más grande del país.  | ||
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